70-150mm² Green/Yellow PVC Ground Cable - Stranded Copper, IEC 60227, for Earthing & Heating Systems

Detailed Introduction to 70-150mm² Green/Yellow PVC Ground Cable - Stranded Copper, IEC 60227, for Earthing & Heating Systems

I. From the Perspective of the Product Itself

(I) Specification Parameters

1. Cross-sectional Size: The cross-sectional size of the cable ranges from 70mm² to 150mm². This range is set by fully considering the current-carrying capacity requirements of earthing and heating systems of different scales. The 70mm² Cable is relatively moderate and suitable for medium-sized scenarios; the 150mm² cable can meet the needs of large even extra-large scenarios. Cables with different cross-sectional sizes have obvious differences in appearance. The larger the cross-section, the thicker the outer diameter of the cable. Users can quickly identify its specification through visual observation, facilitating accurate selection according to actual needs.
2. Current-carrying Capacity: Current-carrying capacity is one of the core performance parameters of the cable, and there are significant differences in current-carrying capacity among cables with different cross-sectional sizes. The 70mm² cable has a current-carrying capacity of about 200-250A, which can meet the needs of medium-sized industrial equipment earthing and small to medium-sized heating systems, such as the earthing of production line equipment in medium-sized workshops and the earthing of floor heating systems in small office buildings; the 95mm² cable has a current-carrying capacity of 250-300A, which can be applied to large factory workshop earthing and medium-sized heating systems, such as the earthing of workshop equipment in large manufacturing plants and the earthing of the main circuit of heating systems in medium-sized shopping malls; the 120mm² cable has a current-carrying capacity of about 300-350A, suitable for large building main earthing and large heating system main circuits, like the main earthing trunk of high-rise buildings and the earthing of central heating systems in large hotels; the 150mm² cable has a current-carrying capacity of up to 350-400A, which can meet the earthing requirements of extra-large industrial facilities and high-power heating equipment, such as the overall earthing network of large industrial parks and the earthing of heating equipment in large thermal power plants. The current-carrying capacity is affected by factors such as ambient temperature and laying methods. In high-temperature environments or when using pipe laying, the current-carrying capacity needs to be appropriately reduced to ensure the safe operation of the cable.
3. Insulation Performance Parameters: Although the cable is mainly used in earthing scenarios, it still has excellent insulation performance. Its insulation resistance is ≥100MΩ·km, which ensures that the cable can effectively prevent current leakage in complex environments and reduce power loss. At the same time, the cable has passed the 2500V voltage withstand test, with no breakdown occurring during the 1-minute test, fully verifying its insulation stability in high-voltage environments and providing a strong guarantee for preventing electric leakage and short-circuit accidents.
4. Temperature Resistance Performance: The insulation layer and outer sheath of the cable are made of temperature-resistant materials, with an operating temperature range of -15℃ to 70℃. In low-temperature environments, the cable will not become brittle and crack due to cold, and still maintain good Flexibility and insulation performance; in high-temperature environments, the material will not soften and deform, ensuring that the insulation performance is not affected. This wide temperature range of temperature resistance enables the cable to adapt to different climate regions and complex working environments, such as outdoor earthing devices in cold northern regions and heating systems in high-temperature southern environments.

(II) Characteristic Uses

1. Earthing Systems:

• Building Main Earthing Trunk: In large buildings (such as high-rise buildings, commercial complexes, large hotels, etc.), this cable can be used as the main earthing trunk to connect various electrical equipment, metal components, etc. in the building to form a unified earthing network. Through the main earthing trunk, the leakage current, static electricity, etc. in the building can be quickly introduced into the ground, avoiding safety accidents caused by excessive potential difference, and ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment.
• Industrial Equipment Protective Earthing: In industrial production, various large mechanical equipment (such as large machine tools, stamping machines, injection molding machines, etc.) require reliable protective earthing. This cable can connect the metal shell of the equipment to the earthing electrode. When the equipment leaks electricity, the leakage current can quickly flow into the ground through the cable, reducing the potential of the equipment shell to a safe range and preventing operators from electric shock.
• Neutral Point Earthing of Power Systems: In power systems, neutral point earthing is an important measure to ensure the safe operation of the system. This cable can be used for neutral point earthing of equipment such as power transformers and generators. When a single-phase earthing fault occurs in the system, it can quickly form a loop, limit the fault current, protect power equipment from damage, and ensure the stable operation of the system.
• Comprehensive Earthing Network of Large Public Facilities: Large public facilities such as subways, airports, and railway stations have a large flow of people and complex equipment, requiring the construction of a sound comprehensive earthing network. This cable can be used as a key connecting component in the network to connect the earthing devices of communication equipment, security systems, power supply equipment, etc., maintain the potential balance of the system, reduce interference, and ensure the normal operation of various equipment.

2. Heating Systems:

• Large Floor Heating System Earthing: In the floor heating systems of large residential communities, hotels, shopping malls, etc., electric floor heating equipment requires reliable earthing. This cable can connect the heating element of the floor heating system to the earthing electrode. When the heating element leaks electricity, the leakage current can be timely introduced into the ground, preventing personnel from electric shock when touching the surface of the floor heating, and avoiding damage to the floor heating equipment due to electric leakage.
• Industrial Heating Boiler Earthing: Industrial heating boilers have high power and high electrical load, and their earthing is crucial. This cable can be used for earthing of the metal shell, electrical control system, etc. of the boiler to ensure that when the boiler leaks electricity during operation, the current can be quickly introduced into the ground, ensuring the safety of operators and the normal operation of the boiler.
• Main Circuit Earthing of Heating Systems: The main circuit of large heating systems carries large current, and its earthing can ensure the safety and stability of the circuit. This cable can be used as the Earthing Cable of the main circuit. When overcurrent, electric leakage and other faults occur in the circuit, it can timely introduce the fault current into the ground, and cooperate with the protection device to cut off the power supply, preventing the expansion of faults.

(III) Material and Style

1. Conductor Material: The conductor is made of multi-stranded high-purity electrolytic copper with a purity of more than 99.95%. High-purity copper has extremely low resistivity, which can conduct current quickly, ensuring that leakage current, etc. can be quickly introduced into the ground and improving earthing efficiency. The multi-stranded stranded design enhances the flexibility of the conductor, allowing the cable to be flexibly bent and laid in narrow spaces and complex terrains, such as in small gaps in building walls and complex structures inside equipment. At the same time, the multi-stranded stranded structure also improves the mechanical vibration resistance of the conductor, reducing fatigue damage of the conductor and prolonging the service life of the cable when the equipment operates with vibration or the external environment has vibration.
2. Insulation Layer Material: The insulation layer is made of PVC material, which has a variety of excellent properties. It has good moisture resistance, and will not reduce its insulation performance due to moisture in humid environments (such as underground soil, bathrooms, etc.), and can maintain a stable insulation effect for a long time. Its chemical corrosion resistance enables it to resist the erosion of acids, alkalis, salts and other chemical substances, making it suitable for use in slightly corrosive industrial environments, underground soil and other scenarios. In addition, the insulation layer has a flame retardant rating of UL94 V-0, which can self-extinguish quickly when exposed to open fire, without generating a large amount of toxic smoke, reducing the risk of fire spread, and ensuring the safety of personnel and property.
3. Outer Sheath Material and Color: The outer sheath is made of green/yellow PVC material. The green/yellow color is an internationally recognized earthing identifier. This color combination allows installers and maintenance personnel to quickly identify the purpose of the cable, avoid incorrect connection, and ensure the correctness of the earthing system. The outer sheath material also has UV resistance. When used outdoors, it can resist the irradiation of sunlight and ultraviolet rays, and will not crack or fade due to aging, prolonging the service life of the cable. At the same time, the outer sheath has a certain mechanical strength, which can protect the internal insulation layer and conductor from external mechanical damage, such as collision and friction.
4. Style: The cable has an overall circular structure, which has many advantages. The circular structure makes the thickness of the insulation layer and outer sheath of the cable uniform, and the physical properties and insulation properties in all directions are consistent, avoiding local weak links caused by irregular shapes. During laying, circular cables are easier to be laid through pipes, cable trays or directly buried, which can adapt to different installation methods and improve construction efficiency. In addition, the circular style is also convenient for winding and storing the cable, saving space during transportation and storage and facilitating management.

(IV) Production Process

1. Copper Purification: First, high-quality copper raw materials are selected for purification. Through electrolytic refining and other processes, impurities in copper (such as iron, lead, zinc, etc.) are removed, so that the purity of copper reaches more than 99.95%. High-purity copper is the key to ensuring the conductivity of the cable. This step requires precise control of electrolytic current, temperature and other parameters to ensure the purification effect.
2. Multi-strand Precision Stranding: The purified copper is drawn into Copper Wires of the required diameter, and then multi-strand stranded according to certain rules. During the stranding process, precision stranding equipment is used to accurately control the tension and stranding pitch of each strand of copper wire, ensuring that the Stranded Conductor has high roundness and stable structure. Multi-strand stranding not only enhances the flexibility of the conductor, but also ensures that the cross-sectional area of the conductor is accurate, meeting the requirements of current-carrying capacity.
3. PVC Insulation Layer Extrusion: A PVC insulation layer is wrapped around the stranded conductor. First, the PVC granular raw materials are dried to remove moisture and prevent bubbles in the insulation layer. Then, the dried PVC particles are put into an extruder for heating and melting, and the molten PVC material is evenly wrapped on the surface of the conductor through an extrusion die. During the extrusion process, the extrusion temperature (usually 160-190℃), speed and pressure are strictly controlled to ensure that the insulation layer has uniform thickness, smooth surface, and is closely combined with the conductor, without defects such as bubbles, wrinkles and depressions.
4. Two-color Outer Sheath Co-extrusion: A green/yellow outer sheath is wrapped around the insulation layer using a two-color co-extrusion process. This process enables the green and yellow materials to be extruded simultaneously and closely combined to form a uniform and clear two-color identifier. During co-extrusion, it is necessary to accurately control the extrusion amount and speed of the two materials to ensure uniform color ratio and clear boundaries, in line with international general earthing identification standards.
5. Cooling and Solidification: The cable after extruding the insulation layer and outer sheath is immediately put into a cooling water tank for cooling, so that the PVC material is quickly solidified and formed. The cooling water temperature needs to be strictly controlled between 20-30℃ to ensure the dimensional stability and performance of the cable. During the cooling process, sudden temperature changes that may cause material cracking should be avoided.
6. Quality Inspection: Each batch of cables undergoes multiple strict quality inspection procedures during production. Including conductor resistance test (to ensure that the conductivity meets the standard), insulation resistance test (to verify insulation performance), voltage withstand strength test (to detect the voltage withstand capacity of the insulation layer), insulation layer and outer sheath thickness measurement (to ensure that the thickness meets the requirements), bending resistance test (to test the flexibility of the cable), flame retardant performance test, etc. Only products that meet all the indicators of IEC 60227 standards can leave the factory to ensure the quality reliability of the products.
7. Printing Identification: The outer sheath surface of the cable is printed with product model, specification (70-150mm²), execution standard (IEC 60227), manufacturer, production date and other information. Printing uses special printing equipment and wear-resistant ink to ensure that the handwriting is clear, firm and not easy to fall off, which is convenient for users to identify and trace product information.

II. From the Perspective of General Product Information

(I) Packaging

1. Packaging Materials: Due to the large cross-section and heavy weight of the cable, wooden reels are usually used as the main packaging material. The wooden reels are made of high-quality hardwood, which has been dried, with high strength and stability, able to bear the weight of the cable, and prevent deformation due to extrusion during transportation and storage. The edges of the reels are equipped with metal edge protectors to enhance the impact resistance of the reels and avoid damage during handling. After the cable is wound on the reel, the outer layer is wrapped with a moisture-proof and wear-resistant plastic film to prevent the cable from being damaged by dust, moisture and machinery. For export products, packaging materials that meet international standards will be used according to the requirements of the destination country.
2. Packaging Methods: First, the cable is neatly wound on a wooden reel according to the specified length (such as 50 meters, 100 meters, 200 meters, etc.). During the winding process, the winding tension is strictly controlled to ensure that the cable is arranged tightly and neatly without distortion or overlapping, so as to reduce friction and extrusion between cables. After winding, the reel and cable are wrapped with plastic film as a whole to ensure good sealing. Then, a label is fixed on the wooden reel, indicating the product model, specification, length, production date, batch number, manufacturer and other information. For multiple reels of cables transported together, the reels will be neatly stacked on pallets and fixed firmly with strapping to prevent shaking during transportation.
3. Packaging Marks: The marks on the packaging are clear and standardized. In addition to the basic product information, they also include some important warning signs, such as "Do not press heavily", "Moisture-proof and sun-proof", "Keep away from fire sources", "Handle with care", etc. These marks can remind transportation, storage and use personnel to pay attention to relevant matters and avoid damaging the cable due to improper operation. In addition, the marks will also indicate the product's execution standard (IEC 60227) and quality certification marks, highlighting the quality reliability of the product. For export products, the marks will also add language descriptions and relevant certification marks of the destination country.

(II) Transportation

1. Transportation Methods: According to the customer's geographical location, order quantity and delivery time, select the appropriate transportation method. For domestic short-distance transportation (such as within a radius of 500 kilometers), road transportation is usually adopted, using large trucks (such as semi-trailers) for transportation. Road transportation has the advantages of high flexibility and being able to reach the destination directly, which is suitable for small batches and urgent orders. For long-distance transportation or large-volume orders, railway transportation is an ideal choice. Transported by railway freight cars, it has the characteristics of large transportation volume, relatively low cost and good stability. For export orders, sea or air transportation can be used. Sea transportation is suitable for large quantities of goods, transported by containers, with low cost but long transportation time; air transportation is fast, suitable for urgent export orders, and can quickly deliver products to customers.
2. Transportation Precautions:

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• (III) Shipment
  The shipment process is an important link to ensure that products are delivered to customers in a timely and accurate manner. The company has established an efficient shipment process to improve customer satisfaction.
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• Shipment Process:
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• Order Confirmation: After a customer places an order, the sales department will confirm the order with the customer within 24 hours, verifying the product model, specification, quantity, delivery address, delivery time, payment method and other information to ensure the accuracy of the information.

• Inventory Check: The warehouse department will promptly check the inventory status according to the order information. If the inventory is sufficient, it will arrange for goods preparation immediately; if the inventory is insufficient, it will promptly notify the production department, which will arrange the production plan according to the order priority to ensure delivery according to the agreed time.

• Product Inspection: After goods preparation is completed, the quality inspectors in the warehouse will conduct strict inspections on the products, checking the product model, specification, length, packaging, etc., and sampling some products for performance tests (such as insulation resistance, appearance quality) to ensure that the products meet the quality standards and order requirements.

• Packaging Reinforcement: For the products to be shipped, the firmness of the packaging will be checked again. If necessary, reinforcement measures will be taken, such as increasing the number of strapping belts, replacing damaged packaging materials, etc., to ensure that the products are not damaged during transportation.

• Logistics Arrangement: Contact the cooperating logistics company, determine the type and tonnage of the transport vehicle according to the quantity of goods and the transportation distance, agree on the pickup time and location, and go through the shipment procedures (such as signing the transportation contract, filling in the waybill, etc.).

• Information Feedback: After shipment, the sales department will feedback the logistics information (such as logistics tracking number, transportation method, estimated arrival time, contact information of the logistics company, etc.) to the customer via SMS, email or phone call within 1 hour, facilitating the customer to track the goods.

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• Shipment Time: For products in stock, shipment will be completed within 2-3 working days after the order is confirmed and payment is received; for products that need to be produced, the shipment time will be determined according to the production cycle, which is generally 10-15 working days. The specific shipment time will be communicated and confirmed with the customer in advance. For urgent orders, the company will launch an expedited production process, giving priority to arranging raw material procurement and production to shorten the shipment time as much as possible.
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• Shipment Documents: The documents provided along with the goods during shipment include product delivery note, product certificate of conformity, quality inspection report (sampling inspection report for each batch of products), commercial invoice, packing list, etc. These documents are proof of product quality and transaction vouchers, and customers can conduct acceptance and accounting based on the documents. If the customer has special requirements (such as certificate of origin, export customs declaration documents), the company will also prepare them in advance and send them along with the goods.
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• (IV) Samples
  To allow customers to fully understand the quality and performance of the 70-150mm² green/yellow PVC ground cable before bulk purchase, the company provides a complete sample service.
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• Sample Application: Customers can apply for samples through the company's official website, phone call, email, online consultation, etc. When applying, customers need to provide basic information such as company name, contact person, contact information, and the required sample model and specification. The company's sales staff will reply to the customer within 24 hours after receiving the sample application, confirm the relevant information, and inform the customer of the sample provision method and related matters.
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• Sample Provision: For regular samples (within the range of 70-150mm²), the company can provide them free of charge, but the customer needs to bear the freight. For special customized samples, the company will charge a certain sample fee (which can be deducted from the subsequent bulk order payment), and the customer also needs to bear the freight. The samples will be shipped within 3-5 working days after the customer confirms the sample details.
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• Sample Specification: The samples provided are consistent with the bulk products in terms of material, structure, performance, etc., with a length of generally 1-5 meters, which is convenient for customers to conduct performance tests and appearance inspections. The samples are also printed with the same identification information as the bulk products, such as product model, specification, execution standard, etc.
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• Sample Feedback: After receiving the sample, if the customer has any questions about the sample's performance, appearance, etc., they can contact the company's sales staff or technical personnel. The company will provide professional answers and solutions to help customers better understand the product.
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• (V) After-sales Service
  The company attaches great importance to after-sales service and has established a complete after-sales service system to provide customers with timely and effective support.
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• Quality Guarantee: The 70-150mm² green/yellow PVC ground cable has a quality guarantee period of 12 months from the date of delivery. During the guarantee period, if the product has quality problems due to manufacturing defects (excluding damage caused by improper use, transportation, installation, etc.), the company will provide free replacement or repair services.
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• Technical Support: The company has a professional technical team that can provide customers with technical support such as product selection, installation guidance, and usage precautions. Customers can consult the technical team through phone calls, emails, or on-site visits. The technical team will reply to the customer's consultation within 24 hours and provide professional technical solutions.
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• Complaint Handling: If the customer has any complaints about the product quality, delivery, after-sales service, etc., they can feedback to the company's after-sales service department. The after-sales service department will record the complaint details and conduct an investigation and handling. A handling result will be given to the customer within 3 working days, and corresponding solutions will be formulated according to the investigation result to ensure customer satisfaction.
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• Return and Exchange Policy: If the product has quality problems that cannot be repaired during the quality guarantee period, or if the product model, specification, etc. does not match the order requirements due to the company's reasons, the customer can apply for return or exchange. The company will arrange for the return or exchange of the product after confirming the situation, and bear the relevant freight. For returns or exchanges caused by the customer's own reasons (such as wrong model selection), the customer needs to bear the freight and a certain handling fee, and the product must be in an unused and undamaged state.
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• Regular Follow-up: After the customer receives the product, the company's after-sales service personnel will conduct regular follow-up visits (by phone or email) to understand the product's usage status and the customer's satisfaction. If the customer encounters any problems during use, the after-sales service personnel will assist in solving them in a timely manner, establishing a good long-term cooperative relationship with the customer